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Methcathinone (MCAT) belongs to the designer drugs called synthetic cathinones, which are abused worldwide for recreational purposes. It has strong stimulant effects, including enhanced euphoria, sensation, alertness, and empathy. However, little is known about how MCAT modulates neuronal activity in vivo. Here, we evaluated the effect of MCAT on neuronal activity with a series of functional approaches. C-Fos immunostaining showed that MCAT increased the number of activated neurons by 6-fold, especially in sensory and motor cortices, striatum, and midbrain motor nuclei. In vivo single-unit recording and two-photon Ca2+ imaging revealed that a large proportion of neurons increased spiking activity upon MCAT administration. Notably, MCAT induced a strong de-correlation of population activity and increased trial-to-trial reliability, specifically during a natural movie stimulus. It improved the information-processing efficiency by enhancing the single-neuron coding capacity, suggesting a cortical network mechanism of the enhanced perception produced by psychoactive stimulants.
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Mice , Animals , Reproducibility of Results , Neurons , Sensation , PerceptionABSTRACT
Objectives To investigate the relationship between the expression of hENT1 protein in pancreatic cancer and the efficacy,adverse reactions and prognosis of gemcitabine.Methods The tissues of 83 patients with pancreatic cancer diagnosed in Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery of Jiaxing Second Hospital and Jiaxing City Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from June 2013 to January 2016 were collected by endoscopic fine needle aspiration biopsy.The expression of hENT1 protein was detected by immunohistochemistry,which was divided into hENT1 low expression group and high expression group.According to the curative effect of chemotherapy,it was divided into gemcitabine effective group and drug resistance group.The clinicopathological parameters,adverse reaction rate,median survival,and progressionfree survival (PFS) were compared between the two groups.Results Of the 83 pancreatic cancer tissues,37 (44.6％) had high expression of hENT1 and 46 (55.4％) had low expression.There were no significant correlations of the efficacy of gemcitabine chemotherapy with gender,age,clinical symptoms,primary tumor location,tumor size,TNM staging,CA19-9 level,CEA level,presence or absence of liver metastasis,but gemcitabine resistance rate in high expression group was significantly higher than the low expression group (78.1％ vs 50.0％),and the difference was statistically significant (P =0.010).Both groups were able to tolerate adverse reactions of gemcitabine chemotherapy and no chemotherapy-related death was observed,but the incidence of leucopenia and thrombocytopenia in hENT1 low expression group was significantly higher than those in bENT1 protein high expression group (63.0％ vs 21.6％,47.8％ vs 16.2％),the differences was statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).The median survival and 1-year PFS of hENT1 protein low expression group were significantly lower than those of high expression group (11 months vs 15 months,19.4％ vs 50％),and the differences were statistically significant (P ＜0.05).Conclusions Decreased hENT1 protein expression in pancreatic cancer tissue could reduce the efficacy of gemcitabine chemotherapy,increasing the incidence of leucopenia and thrombocytopenia.
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Objective To explore the therapeutic effect and clinical significance of pelvic floor rehabilitation technique in female with myofascial chronic pelvic pain (MCPP) by detecting the pressure pain thresholds (PPTs). Methods One hundred healthy female (control group) and 324 female MCPP patients (observation group) from January 2009 to December 2016 were selected. Automatic body surface and vaginal pressure pain detector was applied to detect two groups′PPTs of the 34 spots. The difference of PPTs at each spot was analyzed in two groups. In addition, 51 patients with moderate and severe MCPP were selected to record the changes of PPTs and pain scores before and after the treatment of pelvic floor rehabilitation technique. Results The average PPTs of the abdomen, vulva, pelvic floor and vaginal front and back fornix, bilateral adnexa uteri and sacrouterine ligament in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.01 or<0.05). The average PPTs of the abdomen, vulva, pelvic floor muscles and vaginal front and back fornix, bilateral adnexa uteri and sacrouterine ligament of 51 MCPP patients after treatment were significantly higher than those before treatment (P<0.01). After treatment, PPTs and pain scores of the pelvic floor muscles, bilateral adnexa uteri, bilateral sacrouterine ligament, bilateral sacral spine ligament and vaginal front and back fornix were negatively correlated (r =- 0.78 to- 0.19, P = 0.01 to 0.04); there was a negative correlation between the PPTs and pain scores of the left and right latissimus dorsi (r=-0.28, P=0.04;r=-0.32, P=0.02). The complete remission rate with the pelvic floor rehabilitation technique in 51 patients with MCPP was 9.8％(5/51), the significant remission rate was 90.2％(46/51), and the total remission rate was 100.0％ (51/51). Conclusions Compared with the normal healthy ones, female with MCPP has lower PPTs in the abdomen, perineum, vagina and pelvic floor. The effect of pelvic floor rehabilitation technique on MCPP is well, which can increase patients′PPTs to reduce pain scores. It is a worthwhile method to treat these diseases.
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Objective To explore the value of three-dimensional ultrasonic technique in precise pelvic floor reparation. Methods One hundred and twenty-six patients with Ⅱ - Ⅳ degree pelvic organ prolapse were selected. The patients were divided into traditional group (57 cases, transvaginal hysterectomy and vaginal wall reparation) and study group (69 cases, transvaginal hysterectomy and vaginal wall reparation combined with indication of transvaginal three-dimensional ultrasound). The changes of perioperative indexes and postoperative recurrence rate were compared between 2 groups. Results There were no statistical differences in surgery time, intraoperative blood loss, retention catheterization time postoperative exhaust and defecation time duration in hospital and postoperative complication between 2 groups (P＞0.05). The subjective and objective cure rate 3 months after operation in both groups was 100.0% ; there were no statistical differences 6 months after operation between 2 groups (P＞0.05). The objective cure rates 12 and 24 months after operation in study group were significantly higher than those in traditional group: 20.0% (11/55) vs. 7.5% (5/67) and 27.3% (15/55) vs. 11.9% (8/67), and there were statistical differences (P＜0.05). Conclusions The recurrence rate of precise traditional pelvic floor reparation with the guidance of transvaginal three-dimensional ultrasound is significantly lower than that of traditional pelvic floor reparation.
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Objective To explore the diagnostic value of k ras mutation detection of specimen obtained by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA)for pancreatic cancer.Methods Seventy-eight patients with pancreatic carcinoma and 49 patients with pancreatic benign diseases were collected from January 2013 to December 2015.All the patients underwent EUS-FNA and cell or tissue samples were collected.DNA was extracted from the samples,and the codon 12 and 13 mutation of K-ras gene was detected by specific nano capture probe.Liquid cytology was also conducted.The sensitivity and specificity of the two methods were compared.Results The K-ras mutation rate was 92.3％ (72/78) in 78 patients with pancreatic carcinoma,which was obviously higher than the mutation rate of 20.4％ (10/49) in 49 patients with pancreatic benign tumors,and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =68.002,P =0.000).The sensitivity of the cytology examination of EUS-FNA specimens in the diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma was 75.6％,the specificity was 87.8％,Youden index was 0.634,the positive and negative predictive value was 6.196 and 0.227.The detection of K-ras mutations had a sensitivity of 92.3％ and a specificity of 79.6％ in the diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma,the Youden index was 0.719,the positive and negative predictive value was 4.524 and 0.096.K-ras mutation detection had a higher sensitivity compared with cytology,and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =8.47,P =0.004).The sensitivity was 94.9％ and specificity of 95.9％ using the combination of K-ras mutations and cytology for diagnosing pancreatic cancer,and the specificity was obviously increased compared with only k ras mutation detection and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =6.13,P =0.013).Conclusions K-ras mutation detection of EUS-FNA specimen using nano capture probe system can significantly improve the sensitivity of diagnosing pancreatic cancer,and the sensitivity and specificity could be further improved when combined with cytology.
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Objective To investigate the feasibility, efficacy, safety and economy of secondary splenic pedicle trisection method in removing schistosoma cirrhosis caused the splenic function. Methods Thirty patients receiving spleen secondary structure amputation between July 2014 and September 2016 were analyzed. Results Laparoscopic splenectomy with secondary splenic pedicle transaction was successfully performed in 28 patients, whereas two Endo-GIAs were used in 2 patients. The average of operation time was (80 ± 20) min, and operative blood loss was (320 ± 10) ml. The drainage of the splenic fossa was removed (3- 4) days after operation.Postoperative hospital stay was (10.8 ± 1.2) days after operaions. No massive hemorrhage, pancreatic leakage, secondary infection, serious complications such as abscess under diaphragm and recent complication such as infection of incision occurred postoperatively. Platelet of all patients recovered in 4 days postoperatively, and patients with platelet>400 × 109/L was given oral aspirin enteric-coated metformin hydrochloride. All patients were followed up for 6 months postoperatively, and no intestinal obstruction, portal vein thrombosis and other long-term complications occurred in all patients. Conclusions The amputation of secondary structures of the spleen in laparoscopic splenectomy to remove schistosoma cirrhosis caused the splenic function is safe. It could shorten the length of hospital stay and reduce the medical cost. It is a valuable method for clinical promotion.
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Objective To investigate risk factors for neonatal clavicular fracture,to provide a reference for clinical treatment.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed towards 3 025 live births,47 cases had neonatal clavicular fracture.The birth weight,mode of delivery,maternal age,parity,gestational age,clavicle second stage of labor,the fundus height plus abdominal circumference,cord around neck,and other fracture potential risk factors were analyzed through univariate and multivariate analysis,and the risk factors were summarized.Results 3 025 cases of live births,of which 47 cases had neonatal clavicular fracture,clavicle fracture rate was 1.55%;univariate results sug-gested that the mode of delivery,birth weight,the second stage of labor,maternal age,gestational age,nuchal cord,ma-ternal weight's clinical data index had statistically significant differences between the fracture group and non -fracture group (χ2 =37.514,34.997,28.647,19.847,18.847,16.694,all P <0.05 );multivariate analysis showed that mode of delivery,birth weight,the second stage of labor,gestational age,nuchal cord,maternal body mass index were a newborn children collarbone fracture independent risk factors.Conclusion Mode of delivery,birth weight,the second stage of labor,gestational age,nuchal cord,maternal body mass index are independent risk factors for neonatal clavicu-lar fracture,obstetric should continue to improve midwifery skills,to develop prevention strategies to reduce the inci-dence of neonatal clavicular fracture.
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Objective To investigate the association of vitamin D receptor gene (Apa1,Bsm1,Taq1) polymorphisms with autoimmune liver diseases risk.Metiods Case control test documents were retrieved through Pubmed,Ovid,Medline,and Web of science databases,according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria included in this study.The design of experiments,the characteristics of the object of study,research results was excerpted,STATA version 12.0 software were used.The correlation intensity was demonstrated with odds ratio (OR) and 95％ confidence interval (CI).Results A total of 6 publications containing 9 studies (7 studies about primary biliary cirrhosis,2 studies about autoimmune hepatitis) published from January 2000 to February 2012 were identified and 844 cases and 1 522 controls were included.The combined results based on all studies showed that there was a statistically significant link between Apa 1 and autoimmune liver diseases (OR =0.85,95％ CI 0.74-0.96,P =0.058,for a vs.A; OR =0.75,95％ CI 0.58-0.97,P =0.212,for aa vs.AA;OR =0.78,95％ CI 0.63-0.98,P =0.235,for Aa vs.AA; OR =0.77,95％ CI 0.63-0.94,P =0.231,for Aa/aa vs.AA),while the Bsm 1 and Taq 1 didn' t show the association with autoimmune liver diseases.Conclusion The current meta-analysis shows that Apal may be a low-penetrant risk factor for autoimmune liver diseases.Bsm1 and Taq1 don't show the association with autoimmune liver diseases.